Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia) occupy a broad geographic distribution, ranging from Canada to Argentina, including Caribbean and Pacific Island populations. Despite this expansive distribution and substantial ecological variation, the evolutionary relationships among populations across the Americas remain poorly understood. We are reconstructing a comprehensive range-wide phylogeny using whole genome sequencing. These analyses will clarify patterns of divergence, historical connectivity, and colonization history across the species’ global range. By estimating divergence times and testing for historical gene flow, we aim to provide the first high-resolution evolutionary framework for Burrowing Owls throughout the western hemisphere. We are also investigating adaptive evolution and genomic resilience within the western (A. c. hypugaea) and Florida (A. c. floridana) subspecies. These subspecies differ markedly in migratory behavior, habitat use, and population trajectories. Using whole genome sequencing, we are testing for signatures of local adaptation, identifying genomic regions associated with environmental gradients and land use, and evaluating differences in genetic diversity and inbreeding. This work will assess the evolutionary potential of isolated extant populations and determine whether adaptive divergence contributes to contemporary demographic patterns.